Serzh Sargsyan’s Machiavellian gambit that failed: a chronological overview

Vaհe H Apelian

Serzh Sargsyan on April 17, 2028 in the National Assembly

I could have, maybe I should have titled the blog as “Serzh Sargsyan’s Machiavellian gambit that turned upon him". At this moment he is the lesser opposition having not even garnered 7% of the votes to be in the NA. But since the law mandates that the NA has to have at least three parties, “I Honor Alliance” he led was given 7 seats, while Kocharyan’s “Armenia Alliance” has 29 seats.  

But on April 17, 2018, Serzh Sargsyan was at the apex of his power as the National Assembly of Armenia elected him Prime Minister under 2015 amended constitution which had ushered Armenia from presidential form of governance to parliamentarian form of governance. Another five years were thus added to the 10 years he served as the president. The election tally was 77 for and 13 against his candidacy.  His election was followed by a Q&A session regarding the settlement of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh / Artsakh conflict, during which Serzh Sargsyan struck a cautionary note letting it be known the negotiations are at a standstill. Armenpress reported the day’s session and posted the following report, posted below.

YEREVAN, APRIL 17, (2018) ARMENPRESS. During a Q&A session on the election of the Prime Minister at the special session of the Armenian Parliament, RPA faction MP Karen Bekaryan addressed question to Serzh Sargsyan, candidate for PM, on the negotiation process over the Nagorno Karabakh conflict, reports Armenpress. MP Bekaryan noted that the negotiation process doesn’t inspire optimism.

“It’s clear for everyone that it is conditioned by unconstructive approaches and behavior of the Azerbaijani leadership”, Karen Bekaryan said and asked Serzh Sargsyan how in these circumstances he imagines the future of peaceful negotiations and what new steps he is going to take to return the Azerbaijani leadership to more constructive negotiations.

Serzh Sargsyan said the negotiation process really doesn’t inspire optimism, but more concretely, this process, according to him, is simply suspended as the expectations of the Azerbaijani leadership from the negotiations result are unrealistic and unacceptable.

“I should state that before this stage we have taken all possible measures to move forward the negotiation process so that the agreements reached will have some stability and serve as a base for successfully completing the negotiations. Unfortunately, some time later it turns out that our meetings and negotiations not only on talks over the existing document on the NK conflict, but also on matters of creating some trust measures, maintaining the ceasefire regime are unnecessary as our partners do not maintain the agreements”, he said. 

Serzh Sargsyan said based on the claims of Artsakh’s President, leadership, he once again announces:

“We are ready, and our desire is to solve the conflict by peaceful means, and this conflict can be solved, the negotiation process can intensify if the Azerbaijani leadership refuses from its empty imaginations according to which mutual concessions mean only concessions by Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia. This cannot happen”, he said.

But as for the future steps, Serzh Sargsyan said the future will show what additional steps can be taken for one of these key issues to have an effective solution.»

While the session was taking place, Nikol Pashinyan who was leading the popular unrest that will be known as the Velvet Revolution, declared that the Republic of Armenia does not have a prime minister by the name of Sezh Sargsyan.

April 17 to April 22, the country's seat Yerevan was caught in the frenzy of the unrest and protests.

On April 22, 2018 Nikol Pashinyan declared that tomorrow on April 23, at 10 am in the morning, he will be meeting with Serzh Sargsyan in «Armenia Mariott» hotel.  But he and a few others were arrested and held in solitary confinement overnight, then released on April 23. 

On April 23, 2018, the planned meeting between PM Serzh Sargsyan and Nikol Pashinyan took place in the morning. PM Serzh Sargsyan held Nikol Pashinyan responsible and reminded him of the March 1, 2008 incident and abruptly left the hall. However, Serzh Sargsyan resigned his post as the PM in the afternoon, and issued the following declaration: «Nikol Pashinyan was right. I was wrong. The current situation has several solutions, but I will not go to any of them. It is not mine. I leave the post of Prime Minister of Armenia as the head of the country. The street movement is against my tenure. I fulfill your demand: peace, harmony and logic for our country. Thank you.” 

May 8, 2018, Nikol Pashinyan was elected the PM of Armenia with 59 votes in favor and 42 votes against. «The Way Out – ելք”, “Tsarukyan Alliance” and ARF voted in favor of Nikol Pashinyan, including a few members of the Republican Party of Armenia.

The antigovernment protests that had started on March 31, 2018, when Nikol Pashinyan and his supporters started their march from Gyumri towards Yerevan, ended on May 8, 2018, with Nikol Pashinyan’s election. The protest came to be known as Armenia’s bloodless Velvet Revolution, that brought about a new government.  

At first glance the success of the bloodless protests was attributed no less to PM Serzh Sargsyan’s resignation as the PM, ostensibly to lead to a peaceful transition of power, as the Armenians overwhelmingly voted for Nikol Pashinyan in the December 2018 general snap election, consolidating his ascent to the apex of the Armenian political make-up.

However, the ensuing developments indicated that Sezh Sargsyan's resignation was a Machiavellian political gambit. War with Azerbaijan all along deemed was more likely than any time before, as Serzh Sargsyan cautiously said in the National Assembly on April 17, 2018. The old guard Serzh Sargsyan is, calculated that Armenia’s defeat under PM Nikol Pashinyan’s watch will facilitate his taking over the reins of power anew, attributing Armenia's defeat to the inexperienced PM. 

But the Armenian public saw it otherwise and reelected Nikol Pashinyan on June 2021, at the post 44-day Second Artsakh war snap general election. The Armenian public, as noted, had already elected Nikol Pashinyan led Civil Contract alliance in the December 2018 snap general election to rule on the May 8, 2018 parliamentary election. 

The post 44-day Second Artsakh war snap general election in June 2021, secured Nikol Pashinyan led Civil Contract party 54% of the vote, against Robert Kocharyan led Armenia Alliance that had 21% of the votes and Serzh Sargsyan led “I have Honor Alliance” that had 5% of the votes.

The election results cemented  Nikol Pashinyan led Civil Contract’s hold of the Armenian government, which in turn led to the signing of the August 8, 2025 peace deal with Azerbaijan brokered by the U.S.   

                                           ***

Sources

Armenpress 17/04/2018 13:00: “Armenia’s desire is to solve Karabakh conflict through peaceful means – Serzh Sargsyan”

«Հայկական Թավշյա Հեղափոխություն», Ստեփան Գրիգորյան. 2018

Remembering: Frank Caprio, Eric Bogosian, and Bedros Tourian

Vaհe Apelian

Bedros Tourian's gravesite, Judge Frank Caprio, author Eric Bobosian, poet Bedros Tourian 

I read that Judge Frank Caprio first revealed his cancer diagnosis in late 2023. He told his viewers he was undergoing treatment in Rhode Island and Boston. True to character, he remained open and optimistic throughout the journey, often sharing updates and thanking his supporters for their encouragement.

Even in his final hours, he did just that. He recorded a short but emotional Instagram video from his hospital bed, asking followers to keep him in their thoughts. He said from his hospital bed: “Last year I asked you to pray for me, and it’s very obvious that you did, because I came through a very difficult period,” Caprio said in the clip. “Unfortunately, I’ve had a setback. I’m back in the hospital. Now, I’m coming to you again and asking you to remember me in your prayers once more.”

Judge Caprio’s last recording from his hospital bed asking to be remembered reminded me of the last passage of Eric Bogosian’s book “Operation Nemesis”.  The last paragraph, writing from my recollection, had nothing to do with Soghomon Tehlirian and of the “Operation Nemesis”.  It may be that his last paragraph had more to do with his grandfather who fired his imagination. The “Operation Nemesis” book took seven years of his life to write and it was his gift to his grandfather. He concluded he conclude the book saying, I quote:

 “We come into this world with nothing and we leave with nothing. We all know, either implicitly or explicitly, that all we really have is our place in the memories of others. We exist to the degree that we know and remember one another; even the most isolated among us. We share a collective understanding that we are all part of a greater whole”.

Judge Caprio’s last recording from his hospital bed asking to be remembered also reminded me of the young Armenian poet Bedros Tourian (1.6.1851 – 2.2.1872), who died at the age of 21. He reflected on his dying in his poem title “My Death”. In the last paragraph of the poem (read the poem below), he wrote:

But when my grave forgotten shall remain

In some dim nook, neglected and passed by,

When from the world my memory fades away,

That is the time when I indeed shall die!

Bedros Tourian was also a playwright and had the plays he wrote staged, but he remains the eminent poet. As a poet, all in all, 39 poems have survived from Bedros Tourian and there is no documentary evidence that he wrote more, and the rest were lost. Of those 39 poems, 26 were written during the last two years of his life. The plays he wrote are all forgotten but Bedros Tourian remains remembered to this day, mostly for the 39 poems he wrote.

Robert Haddejian, the dean of the Armenian journalists and a literary icon in his own right noted that when Levon Der Bedrossian, as the newly nationally elected first president of Armenia, paid a visit to Istanbul, the only request he had for an unscheduled event was visiting Bedros Tourian's tomb and pay homage to the young poet as his homage to all the Armenians buried in the famous Armenian cemetery in Üsküdar, Istanbul. Robert Haddejian claims that Bedros Tourian's tomb remains the most popular visitation site for Armenians visiting Istanbul. 

Alice Stone Blackwell (September 14, 1857 – March 15, 1950) translated Bedros Tourian’s poems into English. Her translation of the poem "My Death" is posted below.  

 MY DEATH

WHEN Death’s pale angel stands before my face?

With smile unfathomable, stern and chill,

And when my sorrows with my soul exhale,

Know yet, my friends, that I am living still.

 

When at my head a waxen taper slim

With its cold rays the silent room shall fill,

A taper with a face that speaks of death,

Yet know, my friends, that I am living still.

 

When, with my forehead glittering with tears,

They in a shroud enfold me, cold and chill

As any stone, and lay me on a bier,

Yet know, my friends, that I am living still.

 

When the sad bell shall toll—that bell, the laugh

Of cruel Death, which wakes an icy thrill—

And when my bier is slowly borne along,

Yet know, my friends, that I am living still.

 

When the death-chanting priests, dark browed, austere,

With incense and with prayers the air shall fill,

Rising together as they, pass along,

Yet know, my friends, that I am living still.

 

When they have set my tomb in order fair,

And when, with bitter sobs and wailing shrill,

My dear ones from the grave at length depart,

Yet know, my friends, I shall be living still.

 

But when my grave forgotten shall remain

In some dim nook, neglected and passed by,

When from the world my memory fades away,

That is the time when I indeed shall die!

 

 

 

 

Don’t Underestimate Lebanon’s Armenians By Araz Bedross and Karni Keushgerian

 “Lebanon’s Armenian community, once over 200,000 strong and now reduced to around 40,000–60,000, faces steep challenges due to emigration, Lebanon’s economic collapse, the 2020 Beirut port explosion, and regional geopolitical shifts. Despite their historic contributions to Lebanon in trade, culture, and education, and their role in preserving the Western Armenian language and identity, the community is weakened by a youth exodus and institutional decline. The authors argue that greater support from Armenia is vital—through funding for schools, cultural centers, businesses, and exchange programs—while Lebanese Armenian institutions themselves must modernize to remain relevant to younger generations. With coordinated external assistance and internal reform, the authors believe Lebanese Armenians can continue serving as a cultural anchor in Lebanon.” Hratch Tchilingirian (Facebook, August 19, 2025)

The article: Don’t Underestimate Lebanon’s ArmeniansThe community’s contributions to Armenia should encourage greater assistance from Yerevan.By Araz Bedross and Karni KeushgerianPublished on July 21, 2025

https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2025/07/dont-underestimate-lebanons-armenians?lang=en

 

 

Hovhannes Tumanyan: Toast to the virgins

Vaհe  H Apelian

Hovhannes Tumanyan is endearingly referred to as the “All-Armenian Poet”. He is known for hosting in his fourth-floor house in Tiblisi, Georgia, social gatherings of who’s who in the Armenian world. His house came to known as the "vernatun" (vernadoun), that is to say the upper floor. The term has entered in the Armenian lexicon for informal get together of those who matter.

The vernatun (vernadoun) existed for a number of years. The gathering became the cornerstone of the "Caucasian Society of Armenian Writers", which was founded in 1922, with Hovhannes Toumanian as its president.

The following anecdote, in translation,  pertains to such a gathering. 

«Once, at one of the usual dinners at Hovhannes. Tumanyan's house, a group of writers and other intellectuals - teachers, doctors, lawyers, etc. - were present. Bishop Mesrop (note: Mesrop (baptismal name: Parsadan) Vardan Ter-Movsisyan (May 7, 1865, Shikahogh, Armenia - June 3, 1939[1], Yerevan, Armenian SSR, USSR), a master of Armenian philology), who was personally close to Tumanyan, was also present. Among the household members at the table was also Mrs. Tumanyan with her two eldest children, Mushegh and Miss Ashkhen.

The toastmaster, of course, was Hovhannes Tumanyan.

It so happened that Tumanyan divided the attendees into pairs and proposed a toast to each of the attendees in pairs.

-Let's drink a toast to our two novelists, Shirvan (Shirvanzade) and Avetis (Aharonian)... And this is a toast to our two poets, Avo (Isahakyan) and Derenik (Demirchyan)... And this is a toast to our two doctors...

Thus one by one, everyone present was toasted, except Bishop Mesrob. 

Tumanyan stood up with his glass in hand. The same question arose in the minds of everyone present: how would Tumanyan pair Bishop Mesrop who was the only celibate at the table?

The clever Tumanyan had certainly had already figured a way out. But what was that way out? We were all impatient to know.

-Now the toast to our pontiff remains, - said Tumanyan and glanced quickly at Bishop Mesrop, and then at his eldest daughter, the young lady Ashkhen.

-I propose to drink this glass as a toast to the two virgins sitting at the table with us, Bishop Mesrop and my Ashkhen...

Although Bishop Mesrop blushed, he laughed heartily and heartily with the others.»

The picture of the painting posted below  is the artist’s rendering of some of the notables in Armenian history who met in Hovhannes Tumanyan’s house. Not all who attended the get together in the Tumanyan’s upper floor apartment were always men of letters. It is claimed that General Antranig attended also whenever he was in Tbilisi. It is also said that he was a superb raconteur and mesmerized his audience.

The following are depicted in the painting.

1. ԱԼԵՔՍԱՆԴՐ ՍՊԵՆԴԻԱՐՅԱՆ (ALEXANDER SPENDIARYAN)

Born on November 1, 1871 in Kakhovka, Ukraine

Died on May 7, 1928 in Yerevan, Armenia

Alexander Afanasyevich Spendiaranov was a Russian and Soviet composer, conductor, founder of Armenian national symphonic music. 

2. ԱԼԵՔՍԱՆԴՐ ՇԻՐՎԱՆԶԱԴԵ (ALEXANDER SHIRVANZADE)

Born on April 18, 1858 in Sirvan, Azerbaijan

Died on August 7, 1936, Kislovodsk, Russia

Alexander Movsisian, better known by his pen name Alexander Shirvanzade, was  an Armenian playwright and novelist.

3. ԳևՈՐԳ ԲԱՇԻՆՋԱՂՅԱՆ (GEVORG PASHINJAGHIAN)

Born on  October 28, 1857 in Sighnaghi, Georgia

Died on October 4, 1925 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was an Armenian painter who had a significant influence  on Armenian landscape painting.

4. ՎԱՀԱՆ ՏԵՐՅԱՆ (VAHAN TERIAN)

Born on January 28, 1885 in Tiflis Governorate

Died on January 7, 1920 in Orenburg, Russia

Was an Armenian poet, lyrist, and public activist. He is known for hos sorrowful, romantic poems, the most famous of which are still read and sung in their musical versions.

5. ՂԱԶԱՐՈՍ ԱՂԱՅԱՆ (GHAZAROS AGHAYAN) 

Born on  April 4, 1840 in Tiflis Governorate

Died on July 20, 1911 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was an Armenian writer, educator, folklorist, historian, linguist and public figure.

6. ԴԵՐԵՆԻԿ ԴԵՄԻՐՃՅԱՆ (TERENIG DEMIRCHIAN) 

Born on February 6, 1877 in Tbilisi

Died on December 6, 1936 in Yerevan.

He was an Armenian writer, novelist, poet, translator, and playwright

7.ՊԵՏՐՈՍ ԱԴԱՄՅԱՆ (BEDROS ADAMIAN)

Born on 1849, Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire

Died on June 3, 1891, Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire

He was an outstanding Armenian actor, poet, artist and pubic figure. According to Russian critics his interpretation of Hamlet and Othello put Adamian’s name among the best tragedians of the world.

8. ՎԱՐԴԳԵՍ ՍՈՒՐԵՆՅԱՆՑ (VARTGES SURENIANTS)

Born on February 27, 1860 Akhaltsikhe, Georgia

Died on April 6, 1921, Yalta

He was an Armenian painter, sculptor, illustrator, translator, art critic , and theater artist. He is considered the founder of Armenian historical painting. His paintings feature scenes from Armenian fairy-tales and various historical events.

9. ՄԱՐՏԻՐՈՍ ՍԱՐՅԱՆ (MARDIROS SARIAN) 

Born on February 28, 1880 in Nakhichevan-on-Don, Russia

Died on May 5, 1972 in Yerevan, Armenia 

He was an Armenian painter, the founder of modern Armenian national school of painting.

10. ԵՂԻՇԵ ԹԱԴևՈՍՅԱՆ, (YEGHISH TATIOSSIAN)  (1870-1936)

Born on September 14, 1870, in Vagharshabad (Armenia) 

Died on January 27, 1936,  in Tblisi, Georgia 

He was a famous Armenian landscape painter. This year (1920) the Armenian government celebrated the 150the anniversary of his birth.

11. ԿՈՄԻՏԱՍ (KOMIDAS) 

Born on October 8 1869 in Kutahya, Turkey 

Died on October 22 , 1935 Villejuif, France

He was an Armenian priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer and choirmaster who is considered the founder of the Armenian national school of music. He is recognized as the one of the pioneers of the ethnomusicology.

12. ՍՏԵՓԱՆ ԼԻՍԻՑՅԱՆ (STEPAN LISITSYAN)

Born on October 4, 1865, Tbilisi, Georgia

Died on January 4, 1947, Yerevan, Armenia 

He was an Armenian historian, translator, pet an public figure.

13. Ավետիք Իսահակյան (AVETIK ISAHAKYAN) 

Born on October 30, 1875 in Gyumri, Armenia

Died on October 17, 1957 in Yerevan, Armenia

He was a prominent Armenian lyric poet, writer, and public activist.

14. ՀԱԿՈԲ ՀԱԿՈԲՅԱՆ (HAKOB HAKOBYAN)

He was born on May 29, 1866, in Tblisi

Died on December 13, 1937 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was a poet, translator and an influential writer. 

15. ՀՈՎՀԱՆՆԵՍ ԹՈՒՄԱՆՅԱՆ (HOVHANNES TOUMANYAN) 

Born on February 10, 1869, Lori Province, Armenia

Died on March 23, 1928 in Moscow, Russia

He was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the national poet of Armenia. Tumanyan wrote poems, quatrains, ballads, novels, fables, and critics and journalistic articles.

Note: I would like to thank Paris Erganian for noting my error and correcting the biographical information about Hagob Hagobyan/Hagop Hagopian), 10/21/2021 

Hovhannes Tumanyan toasting: An anecdote

 Vaհe  H Apelian

Hovhannes Tumanyan is endearingly referred to as the “All-Armenian Poet”. He is known for hosting in his fourth-floor house in Tiblisi, Georgia, social gatherings of who’s who in the Armenian world. His house came to known as the "vernatun" (vernadoun), that is to say the upper floor. The term has entered in the Armenian lexicon for informal get together of those who matter.

The vernatun (vernadoun) existed for a number of years. The gathering became the cornerstone of the "Caucasian Society of Armenian Writers", which was founded in 1922, with Hovhannes Toumanian as its president.

The following anecdote, in translation,  pertains to such a gathering. 

«Once, at one of the usual dinners at Hovhannes. Tumanyan's house, a group of writers and other intellectuals - teachers, doctors, lawyers, etc. - were present. Bishop Mesrop (note: Mesrop (baptismal name: Parsadan) Vardan Ter-Movsisyan (May 7, 1865, Shikahogh, Armenia - June 3, 1939[1], Yerevan, Armenian SSR, USSR), a master of Armenian philology), who was personally close to Tumanyan, was also present. Among the household members at the table was also Mrs. Tumanyan with her two eldest children, Mushegh and Miss Ashkhen.

The toastmaster, of course, was Hovhannes Tumanyan.

It so happened that Tumanyan divided the attendees into pairs and proposed a toast to each of the attendees in pairs.

-Let's drink a toast to our two novelists, Shirvan (Shirvanzade) and Avetis (Aharonian)... And this is a toast to our two poets, Avo (Isahakyan) and Derenik (Demirchyan)... And this is a toast to our two doctors...

Thus one by one, everyone present was toasted, except Bishop Mesrob. 

Tumanyan stood up with his glass in hand. The same question arose in the minds of everyone present: how would Tumanyan pair Bishop Mesrop who was the only celibate at the table?

The clever Tumanyan had certainly had already figured a way out. But what was that way out? We were all impatient to know.

-Now the toast to our pontiff remains, - said Tumanyan and glanced quickly at Bishop Mesrop, and then at his eldest daughter, the young lady Ashkhen.

-I propose to drink this glass as a toast to the two virgins sitting at the table with us, Bishop Mesrop and my Ashkhen...

Although Bishop Mesrop blushed, he laughed heartily and heartily with the others.»

The picture of the painting posted below  is the artist’s rendering of some of the notables in Armenian history who met in Hovhannes Tumanyan’s house. Not all who attended the get together in the Tumanyan’s upper floor apartment were always men of letters. It is claimed that General Antranig attended also whenever he was in Tbilisi. It is also said that he was a superb raconteur and mesmerized his audience.

The following are depicted in the painting.

1. ԱԼԵՔՍԱՆԴՐ ՍՊԵՆԴԻԱՐՅԱՆ (ALEXANDER SPENDIARYAN)

Born on November 1, 1871 in Kakhovka, Ukraine

Died on May 7, 1928 in Yerevan, Armenia

Alexander Afanasyevich Spendiaranov was a Russian and Soviet composer, conductor, founder of Armenian national symphonic music. 

2. ԱԼԵՔՍԱՆԴՐ ՇԻՐՎԱՆԶԱԴԵ (ALEXANDER SHIRVANZADE)

Born on April 18, 1858 in Sirvan, Azerbaijan

Died on August 7, 1936, Kislovodsk, Russia

Alexander Movsisian, better known by his pen name Alexander Shirvanzade, was  an Armenian playwright and novelist.

3. ԳևՈՐԳ ԲԱՇԻՆՋԱՂՅԱՆ (GEVORG PASHINJAGHIAN)

Born on  October 28, 1857 in Sighnaghi, Georgia

Died on October 4, 1925 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was an Armenian painter who had a significant influence  on Armenian landscape painting.

4. ՎԱՀԱՆ ՏԵՐՅԱՆ (VAHAN TERIAN)

Born on January 28, 1885 in Tiflis Governorate

Died on January 7, 1920 in Orenburg, Russia

Was an Armenian poet, lyrist, and public activist. He is known for hos sorrowful, romantic poems, the most famous of which are still read and sung in their musical versions.

5. ՂԱԶԱՐՈՍ ԱՂԱՅԱՆ (GHAZAROS AGHAYAN) 

Born on  April 4, 1840 in Tiflis Governorate

Died on July 20, 1911 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was an Armenian writer, educator, folklorist, historian, linguist and public figure.

6. ԴԵՐԵՆԻԿ ԴԵՄԻՐՃՅԱՆ (TERENIG DEMIRCHIAN) 

Born on February 6, 1877 in Tbilisi

Died on December 6, 1936 in Yerevan.

He was an Armenian writer, novelist, poet, translator, and playwright

7.ՊԵՏՐՈՍ ԱԴԱՄՅԱՆ (BEDROS ADAMIAN)

Born on 1849, Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire

Died on June 3, 1891, Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire

He was an outstanding Armenian actor, poet, artist and pubic figure. According to Russian critics his interpretation of Hamlet and Othello put Adamian’s name among the best tragedians of the world.

8. ՎԱՐԴԳԵՍ ՍՈՒՐԵՆՅԱՆՑ (VARTGES SURENIANTS)

Born on February 27, 1860 Akhaltsikhe, Georgia

Died on April 6, 1921, Yalta

He was an Armenian painter, sculptor, illustrator, translator, art critic , and theater artist. He is considered the founder of Armenian historical painting. His paintings feature scenes from Armenian fairy-tales and various historical events.

9. ՄԱՐՏԻՐՈՍ ՍԱՐՅԱՆ (MARDIROS SARIAN) 

Born on February 28, 1880 in Nakhichevan-on-Don, Russia

Died on May 5, 1972 in Yerevan, Armenia 

He was an Armenian painter, the founder of modern Armenian national school of painting.

10. ԵՂԻՇԵ ԹԱԴևՈՍՅԱՆ, (YEGHISH TATIOSSIAN)  (1870-1936)

Born on September 14, 1870, in Vagharshabad (Armenia) 

Died on January 27, 1936,  in Tblisi, Georgia 

He was a famous Armenian landscape painter. This year (1920) the Armenian government celebrated the 150the anniversary of his birth.

11. ԿՈՄԻՏԱՍ (KOMIDAS) 

Born on October 8 1869 in Kutahya, Turkey 

Died on October 22 , 1935 Villejuif, France

He was an Armenian priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer and choirmaster who is considered the founder of the Armenian national school of music. He is recognized as the one of the pioneers of the ethnomusicology.

12. ՍՏԵՓԱՆ ԼԻՍԻՑՅԱՆ (STEPAN LISITSYAN)

Born on October 4, 1865, Tbilisi, Georgia

Died on January 4, 1947, Yerevan, Armenia 

He was an Armenian historian, translator, pet an public figure.

13. Ավետիք Իսահակյան (AVETIK ISAHAKYAN) 

Born on October 30, 1875 in Gyumri, Armenia

Died on October 17, 1957 in Yerevan, Armenia

He was a prominent Armenian lyric poet, writer, and public activist.

14. ՀԱԿՈԲ ՀԱԿՈԲՅԱՆ (HAKOB HAKOBYAN)

He was born on May 29, 1866, in Tblisi

Died on December 13, 1937 in Tbilisi, Georgia

He was a poet, translator and an influential writer. 

15. ՀՈՎՀԱՆՆԵՍ ԹՈՒՄԱՆՅԱՆ (HOVHANNES TOUMANYAN) 

Born on February 10, 1869, Lori Province, Armenia

Died on March 23, 1928 in Moscow, Russia

He was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the national poet of Armenia. Tumanyan wrote poems, quatrains, ballads, novels, fables, and critics and journalistic articles.

Note: I would like to thank Paris Erganian for noting my error and correcting the biographical information about Hagob Hagobyan/Hagop Hagopian), 10/21/2021

ՀՄԸՄ-ի Գործունէութիւնը Մայր Հայրենիքի` Հայաստանի Հանրապետութեան Մէջ. 1918-1927

Նոր Գիրքերու Հետ. ՀՄԸՄ-ի Գործունէութիւնը Մայր Հայրենիքի` Հայաստանի Հանրապետութեան Մէջ. 1918-1927 ՝ Հեղինակ Յարութ Չէքիճեան։

Գիրքը՝

https://haroutchekijian.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/d580.d584.d4b8.d584.-d4bb-d4b3d588d590d4bed588d592d586d4b7d588d592d4b9d4bbd592d586d4b8-d584d4b1d585d590-d580d4b1d585d590d4b5d586d4bbd594d4bb-d580d4b1d585d4b1d58dd58fd4b1d586d4bb-d580d4b1-3.pdf

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Նոր Գիրքերու Հետ. ՀՄԸՄ-ի Գործունէութիւնը Մայր Հայրենիքի` Հայաստանի Հանրապետութեան Մէջ. 1918-1927 (Հեղինակ Յարութ Չէքիճեան): https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/657798?fbclid=IwY2xjawMRTMJleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHuVQoVSeDZdovxzIzMY8HOPGkvUEQJVlKPpdsq299tzutoh_GpzxDFEpxtnS_aem_ZfLKk4WVZ1XbM_RIsoVvSA