V.H. Apelian's Blog

V.H. Apelian's Blog

Saturday, April 19, 2025

Samvel Shahramanyan throws the gauntlet - ձեռնոց կը նետէ

Vaհe H Apelian

 

The office of the Republic of Artsakh in Armenia, courtesy Facebook

The building in the picture was the headquarter of the Republic of Artsakh in Armenia. It remains the office of the former representatives of Artsakh in Yerevan, Armenia. Altough the building is in Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia, bu it does not display the flag of the Republic of Armenia as an act of political defiance.

On Tuesday April 17, 2025, ahead of Artsakh’s last president Samvel Shahramnyan’s term that ends in May, the  former MPs of Artsakh in Armenia,  convened a session  and had president Samvel Shahramnyan continue his  tenure as president in response to Armenia’s ruling Civil Contract party that had called the move ‘extremely unacceptable’.. 

Samvel Sharamanyan accepted to remain the president of the Republic of Artakh although on behalf of the republic, he had signed  the republic on September 2023 in Stepanakert to be formalized by January 1, 2024. In accepting to continue as the president of Artskah, Savel Shaharmanyan effectively threw the gauntlet at the present government of Armenia led by Nikol Pashinyan, and sided with the opposition leaders, Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan who, like him, hail from Artsakh and who pursue unseating Nikol Pashinyan led government. Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Saroyan were leaders of Artakh liberation, while Samvel Shahramanyan was its last president. We all know that eight other Artsakh officials languish in prison in Baku.

I have followed Savel Shahramanyan as best as any Diaspora Armenian can. I have followed his election, his inaugural speech at Artsakh National Assembly, his turn about and his signing the controversial liquidation of the Republic of Armenia, his air escort by Russian forces to Armenia in September 2023, his interview on Artsakh television in Armenia, justifying his sighning of Republic of Artskah's capitulation to Azerbaijan, his meeting with the Armenian government officials claiming that he has no intention to get involved in politics in Armenia, his subsequent rescinding his own signature for the dissolution of Artsakh, claiming it was not constitutional, and since May 17, 2025 his willingness to to act as the  president of Republic of Artsakh in Armenia, the same republic he abolished, he threw  gauntlet at  the government of Armenia to have it unseated.

As far as I am concerned,  samvel shahramanian is A VERITABLE ARMENIAN KATCH NAZAR, APISOGHOM AGHA and an Odian PANCHOUN all in one. 

I have posted below in random chronological order the blogs I have written about his political “wheelin and dealin”.

1– Shahramanian: An accidental figure: (Monday November 6, 2023)

 https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2023/11/an-accidental-figure.html

 

2. Samvel Shahramnayan: An Unusual meeting with Civil Contract representatives:  (November 28, 2023)

https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2023/11/an-unusual-meeting-samvel-shahramanyan.html

 

3. Samvel Sharamanyan: One free in Yerevan and 8 imprisoned in Baku, (Thursday, January 16, 2025)

 https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2025/01/one-free-in-yerevan-and-8-imprisoned-in.html

 

4. Samvel Sharamanyan: Nothing of this sort has happened in our tortured history: (Wednesday October 11, 2023)

 https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2023/10/nothing-of-this-sort-has-happened-in.html

 

5. Samvel Shahramanian:  Recalling Artsakh history: Remembering Samvel Shahramanyan's inaugural speech 

(Friday January 10, 2025)

 https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2025/01/recalling-history-remembering-samvel_10.html

 

6. Lachin Corridor: A test of wills: Lachin Corridor: 

l (Sunday, September 10, 2023)

https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2023/09/lachin-corridor-test-of-wills.html 


7. From Arayik Harutyunyan to Samvel Shahramanyan: What changed?: (Sunday, September 10, 2023)

 https://vhapelian.blogspot.com/2023/09/from-arayik-to-savel-what-changed.html


 

Thursday, April 17, 2025

Complicit by omission

Vaհe H Apelian

Pope Francis 2021, Aliyev 2024-Courtesy Wikipedia

Armenians world-wide welcomed pope Francis to Armenia with gratitude. Quoting Wikipedia “Pope Francis visited Armenia in June 2016. The trip focused on ecumenical relations, reconciliation, and remembrance of the Armenian Genocide. He arrived in Yerevan on Friday, June 24th, and his itinerary included visiting the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial, holding an outdoor Ecumenical Service and Peace Prayer in Republic Square, and meeting with the Catholicos of All Armenians, Karekin II. The visit also included a meeting with the Armenian Catholic bishops and participation in a Divine Liturgy in the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.” 

Personal Armenia stamp collection

It turns out, a few months after visiting Armenia  the globe-trotter Pope Francis, paid a short, ten hours long visit to Baku as well. There must have been something pressing for the pope to pay such a short, business-like visit to Baku. Alluding to the visit, Eurasianet - see the link below - reported that “At first glance, Azerbaijan, a predominantly Shia Muslim state, seems an unlikely destination for the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. But Pope Francis’ 10-hour visit to Baku on October 2 was not so much about religion as it was about PR payback.”

Is that so?  

Unlike Pope Francis visiting Armenia to foster ecumenical relations between Catholic and Orthodox churches, Pope Francis' Baku visit was a PR payback business visit. It was not an ecumenical visit. It was not in support of Christians in Azerbaijan or for the preservation of churches, monasteries, and Christian monuments in Azerbaijan. Armenia, the first nation to accept Christianity as its state religion, need not have pope visiting it to bolster the Christian faith in Armenia or for the preservation of the many churches, monasteries, and Christian monuments in Armenia. 

But why would the head of over 1 billion Catholics pay such short, business like visit to Baku as a PR payback? What PR? What payback?

Eurasianet article explains it further by noting that “Since 2012, the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, run by Azerbaijan’s first lady, Mehriban Aliyeva, has donated undisclosed sums to finance restoration work at the Vatican, including repairs to the Sistine Chapel. The Foundation, named in honor of President Ilham Aliyev’s father and predecessor, the late Heydar Aliyev, also has provided funds for other projects, including the restoration of two Vatican catacombs and the preservation and digitization of ancient manuscripts in the Apostolic Library.”

Obviously, Pope Francis and president Ilham Aliyev’s “l scratch your back, if you scratch mine” reciprocal agreement had been going since, at least 2012. This “quid pro quo” coziness had been going on way before Pope Francis visited Armenia in 2016. Of course, Pope Francis knew a warring state existed between the Armenians of Nakorno Karabagh Oblast, and oil rich and much more populated Azerbaijan. But the pope chose to keep a total silence on the existential conflict between Armenia and the  Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabagh Oblast were facing. The film "Two Popes" makes a special note of the Argentinian Jesuit Bishop, who would become the working Pope Francis, dealing evasively with the junta at the time.

As far as Armenians are concerned,  not only the pope did not mediate in any way, in fact he legitimized Azerbaijan genocidal aims against the native Armenian inhabitants. By. doing so, Pope Francis became complicit in the genocidal depopulation of the Christian Armenians from their native lands, surely not by commission but by omission.

But in the greater scheme of things, Pope Francis is no exception, when it comes to the all-redeeming power of the all-mighty dollars, while he dispenses Heavenly Father’s redemption as God's temporal representative on this earth. His predecessor granted dispensation to heaven for a fee. After all, the pope holds the keys to Kingdom of Heaven, as featured in the Vatican's flag and coat of arms. Apparently, these same keys open doors for lucrative venues as well.

 

The link: Azerbaijan: Papal RR Pays Off: https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-papal-pr-pays-off?fbclid=IwY2xjawJskP9leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHqHMLK8V3hn4iwOtjZl-l55wM6gUaMRWRFCQ-MvGlAJmANiczlulo1CrdxRo_aem_Wt4AG7CCtHBWb8NWUU05og

 

Wednesday, April 16, 2025

It is even badder!

Vaհe H Apelian

 

If Pope Francis’ recent Vatican hosting “Christianity in Azerbaijan” conference looks bad, the reality lurking beneath it is even badder. Yes, badder, for it does not merit a proper adjective other than the outright slang, badder.

First lets us come to the picture posted above. A few sites had posted that picture and I did too with a tongue in cheek remark depicting Pope Francis saying “Amen, God bless. Who am I to judge.” The last sentence is a quote from one of the Pope Francis’ utterances.

Looking closely, I became suspicious that the picture may be photo-shopped. The lady next to Aliyev seems to be young enough to be his daughter, not his wife. I took upon myself to search the internet and I came to realize that it is an old picture that was posted in Eurasianet on October 3, 2016, nine years ago (see the link below). The caption reads that the picture is released by the Office of the President of Azerbaijan. If that picture is photo-shopped, the source is the Office of the President of Azerbaijan. So, I kept the picture and felt that it is reasonable to use it to depict the “Christianity in Azerbaijan” conference in the Vatican City.

Armenians world-wide welcomed pope Francis to Armenia with gratitude. Quoting Wikipedia “Pope Francis visited Armenia in June 2016. The trip focused on ecumenical relations, reconciliation, and remembrance of the Armenian Genocide. He arrived in Yerevan on Friday, June 24th, and his itinerary included visiting the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial, holding an outdoor Ecumenical Service and Peace Prayer in Republic Square, and meeting with the Catholicos of All Armenians, Karekin II. The visit also included a meeting with the Armenian Catholic bishops and participation in a Divine Liturgy in the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.” 

It turns out the globe-trotter Pope Francis, had visited Baku as well a few months later. Alluding to the visit, Eurasianet reported that “At first glance, Azerbaijan, a predominantly Shia Muslim state, seems an unlikely destination for the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. But Pope Francis’ 10-hour visit to Baku on October 2 was not so much about religion as it was about PR payback.”

Is that so? 

Pope Francis' Baku visit was a PR payback.

It was a strictly a business visit to Baku. Iդ was not religious and was not in support of Christians in Azerbaijan and for the preservation of churches, monasteries, and Christian monuments in Azerbaijan. 

But, what do you know? Pope Francis’ visit to Armenia was strictly religious.  Armenia, the first nation to accept Christianity as its state religion, need not have pope visiting it to bolster the Christian faith in Armenia or for the preservation of the many churches, monasteries, and Christian monuments in Armenia.

Why would the head of over 1 billion Catholics visit Baku as a PR payback? What PR? What payback?

Eurasianet article explains it by noting that “Since 2012, the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, run by Azerbaijan’s first lady, Mehriban Aliyeva, has donated undisclosed sums to finance restoration work at the Vatican, including repairs to the Sistine Chapel. The Foundation, named in honor of President Ilham Aliyev’s father and predecessor, the late Heydar Aliyev, also has provided funds for other projects, including the restoration of two Vatican catacombs and the preservation and digitization of ancient manuscripts in the Apostolic Library.”

Obviously, Pope Francis and president Ilham Aliyev’s “l scratch your back if you scratch mine” reciprocal agreement had been going since, at least 2012. This “quid pro quo” coziness had been going on way before Pope Francis visiting Armenia in 2016, and the reasons for this coziness, if not known, was well implied and need not need further clarification. But Pope Francis kept total silence on the existential conflict the Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabagh Oblast were facing. Not only did the pope did not mediate in any way, in fact he legitimized Azerbaijan genocidal aims against the native inhabitants of Nagorno Karabagh Oblast. Doing so, Pope Francis is complicit in the genocidal depopulation of the Christian Armenians from their native lands. 

But in the greater scheme of thins, Pope Francis is no exception, when it comes to the all redeeming power of Petro Dollars, while he dispenses Heavenly Father’s redemption as God's temporal representative on this earth. But what’s new there? His predecessor granted dispensation to heaven for a fee. After all, the pope holds the keys to Kingdom of Heaven. He has it featured on the Vatican's flag and coat of arms. 

The link: Azerbaijan: Papal RR Pays Off: https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-papal-pr-pays-off?fbclid=IwY2xjawJskP9leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHqHMLK8V3hn4iwOtjZl-l55wM6gUaMRWRFCQ-MvGlAJmANiczlulo1CrdxRo_aem_Wt4AG7CCtHBWb8NWUU05og



Tuesday, April 15, 2025

The Greatest Wound in the Armenian Life

 Attached is my translation of excerpts from the report of the Bureau-Government Prime Minister Ohanjanyan on Karabakh and Zangezur, made at a meeting of ARFers of Karabakh, Zangezur in July 1920, and my contextual interpretation of the message. The excerpt of Ohanjanian's speech was posted by Tatul Hakobyan in his ANI Armenian Research Center website. 

Hamo Ohanjanian and his tombstone in Cairo, Egypt that reads
"He lived as he preached"

First and foremost Ohanjanyan’s report in 1920, posted below, should be read in the context of the times when West was the Western Europe, the global powers of the day. But Europe was recovering from its devastating war that led to the Paris Peace Conference in Versailles, France (1919-1920). The so-called peace conference would levy inordinately heavy burdens and restrictions on Germany, which the rest of Europe defeated and it would lead to the Wilsonian Armenia, which the Paris Peace Conference delegated it to the U.S., a nascent power, cut off from the rest of the world by the two great oceans and under the ideals of president Woodrow Wilson. The only global power Armenia had dealt with was Russia, which also was a regional power that also happened to be Christian in that part of the world Christian Armenia is located, dominated by nations that are Muslims - the “stan”s. Therein was/is the engrained  natural notion that Russia was Armenia’s natural ally and protector.

However, this is what Kristapor Mikaelian, the ARF ideologue wrote about Tsarist Russia, in his treatise called “Mob Mentality”.

 «Moving forward, always faithful to its spirit of destruction, Russia, as in the past, as well as today, is a representation of a large-scale arena of general persecution, general destruction and violence. There was not a nation left in Russia that was not oppressed, there was not a people left that was not suffocated, there was no word, opinion, right, law - even proclaimed from the imperial throne - that was not violated. It is a terrible stage of rulers and slaves, predators and tyrants, spies and spiers, poisoned by the choices of mutual grudge and hatred. Russia competes with Turkey in all spheres of state life, equally successful in the negative, as well as in the positive. And the unfortunate Armenian is destined to live, to claim the right to see  the light of day, on the borders of those two brutal tyrants, "between the devil and the deep sea", as the English say.”(Բնագիրըկցուած է ներքեւը – 1 -)

This perception of Russia as Armenia's natural Christian ally and proctector, lingered on after Lenin and the Bolshevik revolutionaries brought down the Tsarist Russia and brought about the Soviet Union led by Russia.  Hardly two years and a few months had passed since the creation of Armenian Republic, after over five centuries remaining stateless, Armenians brought Armenia into the Russian fold, as part of the Soviet Union.

This perception lingered in the Diaspora as well and pitted one segment of the Armenians in the Diaspora against another. My materal uncle  Antranig Chalabian, was a Russian orientation advocate and this is what he wrote in 1988:

 «As long as Turks are Turks and they are living in Turkey, Armenians inhabiting the southern boarders of the Soviet Union have no choice but to seek Russian protection, irrespective of the kind of government which rules that country. This is a political affinity and has nothing to do with ideologies.”  

In claiming that the greatest wound in Armenian life is being a Russophile, I do not think that the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia Hamo Ohanjanian, in July 1920, was advocating an anti-Russian stand, but he was advocating Armenia be a master of its own destiny and which could possibly be by not being dependent on Russia for its long  survival as a Republic. 

I believe that is where Armenia is at the present in a world that has no resemblance of what it was, not only a century ago, but a few decades. A mulita-polar political world has come about. To forge a future for its long survival Armenia is advocating a policy giving what its due to the bald eagle of the west, and to the bear to its north. It remains to be seen if Armenia will be able to chart such a course.

Consequently, Hamo Ohanjanian’s message should be read within th context of his affirmation that “the only guarantee of lasting security and happiness, is the complete independence of the homeland.”

Below is my translation of the excerpts from PM Hamo Ohanjanian’s speech on that day in 1920. The original is also attached.

Today we must consider beyond doubt the agreement concluded between Soviet Russia and the leader of the Turkish nationalists, Mustafa Kemal, which was published in the press months ago. We must consider it beyond doubt, because all the events that have taken place during the last two months and are taking place today both in our country and on the borders are nothing more than necessary attempts to implement the aforementioned agreement.

The Armenian people, due to their geographical and ethnographic conditions, have always had an unhealthy mentality deep in their souls, from which they have difficulty getting rid of. It is that blind Russophile, which at the same time has become the most painful wound in our social and state life.

Surrounded by unfriendly and hostile Muslim elements, the Armenian people had a blind faith that it was the Russians who should free them from this suffocating atmosphere, proof of what I said can be the recent events in Karabakh [in April 1920, when Azerbaijan was Sovietized, the Bolshevik 11th Army also entered Artsakh without encountering any resistance -:

The Armenians of Karabakh, who bravely resisted the enemy's attacks for two or three years, stopping the invasion of the Turkish-Azerbaijani hordes, have not yet stood up to the violence of the Russian-Tatar bandits today, despite the fact that the enemies have entered their home under the guise of communism.

Our friends, who were in Karabakh, having lost contact with the center ten days ago, retreated to Zangezur and then, under the pressure of the attacking troops and the Russian-Tatar horde, also left part of Zangezur.

What should you, all of us, do to restore the situation in Karabakh and Zangezur and generally remove the Tatar-Bolshevik threat from Armenia?

Of course, after the exchange of ideas, you can outline the course of your activities in detail, but I consider it my duty once again reminding that the greatest wound in Armenian life is the Russophile, which must be eradicated by all means, since Russophile is currently our greatest enemy.

Changing the psychology of Armenian citizens, making them recognize their true enemies and freeing them from their naive beliefs will mean ensuring the existence and inviolability of Armenia to a large extent that "

Enter the people, explain to them the true picture of events, and let them see that Russia has become a fraternal brotherhood with Turkey, the archenemy of Armenia, let them be convinced that the attacks on our borders are aimed at opening a path to Turkey for the world-ruling and tyrannical Russia.

Let them understand that Russia, devastated, terrorized, exposed to hunger and frost, has never thought about the salvation of the Armenian people and, finally, let them realize that it is they who pave the way for their salvation, and the only guarantee of lasting security and happiness is the complete independence of the homeland.” (Բնագիրըկցուած է ներքեւը – 2 -)

Haratch, number 155, July 24, 1920

***

Բնագիր 1:

«Եւ առաջ ընթանալով միշտ հաւատարիմ աւերման իր ոգուն՝ Ռուսաստանը, ինչպէս անցեալում, նոյնպէս եւ այսօր՝ներկայացում է ընդհանուր հալածանքի, ընդհանուր աւերածի ու բռնութիւնների մի լայնածաւալ ասպարէզ։ Ազգութիւն չմնաց Ռուսաստանում որ չճնշուէր, ժողովուրդ չմնաց որ որ չխեղդուէր, խօսք, կարծիք, իրաւունք, օրէնք չմնաց , - նոյնիսկ կայսերական գահերից հռչակուած – որ չտրորւոէր։ Իշխողների եւ ստրուկների, գիշատիչների եւ զռհերի, լրտեսների, եւ լրտեսողների մի ահաւոր բեմ է դա՝ փոխադարձ ոխի եւ ատելութեան կըրքերով թունաւորուած։ Ռուսաստանը մրցում է Տաճկաստանի հետ պետական կեանքի բոլոր ասպարէզներում՝նոյնչափ յաջող բացասականում, որչափ եւ դրականում։ Եւ վատաբախտ հային վիճակուած է ապրել, օր-արեւ տեսնելու իրաւունք հայցել այդ երկու մաբահեր բռնակալութիւնների սահմաններուն՝ «սատանայի եւ խոր ծովի միջեւ», ինչպէս ասում են անգլիացիք։»

Բնագիր 2:

Այսօր մենք կասկածից դուրս պիտի համարենք այն համաձայնությունը, որ կնքված է Խորհրդային Ռուսաստանի և թուրք ազգայնականների պարագլուխ Մուստաֆա Քեմալի միջև, որ ամիսներ առաջ հրատարակվեց մամուլում: Կասկածից դուրս պիտի համարենք, որովհետև բոլոր այն դեպքերը, որոնք տեղի են ունեցել վերջին երկու ամիսների ընթացքում ու տեղի են ունենում նաև այսօր թե մեր երկրում և թե սահմանների վրա, ոչ այլ ինչ են, եթե ոչ հիշյալ համաձայնագիրը իրացնելու անհրաժեշտ փորձեր:

Հայ ժողովուրդը իր աշխարհագրական ու ազգագրական պայմանների շնորհիվ, միշտ իր հոգու խորքում ունեցել է մի հիվանդոտ մտայնություն, որից նա դժվարությամբ է կարողանում ազատվել:  Դա այն կույր ռուսասիրությունն է, որ միևնույն ժամանակ դարձել է մեր հասարակական-պետական կյանքի ամենացավոտ վերքը:

Շրջապատված լինելով մահմեդական անբարյացկամ ու թշնամի տարրերով, հայ ժողովուրդը մի կույր հավատ է ունեցել, թե այդ հեղձուցիչ մթնոլորտից ռուսն է, որ պետք է ազատի իրեն, ասածիս ապացույց կարող է լինել Ղարաբաղի վերջին դեպքերը [1920-ի ապրիլին, երբ Ադրբեջանը խորհրդայանցվեց, բոլշևիկյան 11-րդ բանակը մտավ նաև Արցախ՝ չհանդիպելով որևէ դիմադրության- ԱՆԻ]:

Ղարաբաղի հայությունը, որ երկու-երեք տարի քաջաբար դիմադրեց թշնամու հարձակումներին՝ արգելակելով թուրք-ադրբեջանական հորդաների ներխուժումը, այսօր դեռ չի ծառացել ռուս-թաթարական հրոսակախմբերի բռնության դեմ, չնայած որ կոմունիզմի դիմակի տակ իր տունն են մտել թշնամիները:

Մեր ընկերները, որոնք գտնվում էին Ղարաբաղում, տասն օր առաջ կապ չունենալով կենտրոնի հետ, քաշվել են դեպի Զանգեզուր և ապա հարձակվող զորքերի և ռուս-թաթարական խուժանի ճնշման տակ հեռացել են նաև Զանգեզուրի մեկ մասից:

Ի՞նչ պետք է անեք դուք, մենք ամենքս, դրությունը Ղարաբաղում և Զանգեզուրում վերականգնելու և առհասարակ թաթար-բոլշևիկյան վտանգը Հայաստանից հեռացնելու համար:

Իհարկե, մտքերի փոխանակությունից հետո դուք կարող եք մանրամասն գծել ձեր գործունեության ուղին, բայց ես պարտք եմ համարում կրկին անգամ հիշեցնել, որ հայ կյանքի ամենախոշոր վերքը ռուսասիրությունն է, որ պետք է բոլոր միջոցներով արմատախիլ անել, քանի որ ռուսասիրությունը ներկայումս մեր թշնամիներից խոշորագույնն է:

Փոխել հայ քաղաքացիների հոգեբանությունը, ճանաչեցնել տալ նրան իր իսկական թշնամիներին և ազատել նրան իր միամիտ հավատից, կնշանակի մեծ չափերով ապահովել Հայաստանի գոյությունն ու անձեռնմխելիությունը:

Մտեք ժողովրդի մեջ, պարզեցեք նրան դեպքերի իսկական պատկերը, և թող նա տեսնի, որ Ռուսաստանը եղբայրացել է Հայաստանի ոխերիմ թշնամի Թուրքիայի հետ, թող նա համոզվի, որ մեր սահմանների վրա կատարվող հարձակումները աշխարհակալ և բռնակալ Ռուսաստանի առաջ դեպի Թուրքիա ճանապարհ բանալու նպատակ ունի:

Թող նա հասկանա, որ քայքայված, ահաբեկված, սովի ու ցրտահարության մատնված Ռուսաստանը երբեք չի մտածել հայ ժողովրդի փրկության մասին և, վերջապես, թող նա գիտակցի, որ իր փրկության ճանապարհը հարթողը ինքն է, իսկ հարատև ապահովության և երջանկության միակ երաշխիքը՝ ամբողջացած հայրենիքի անկախությունը:

Յառաջ, թիվ 155, 24 յուլիս, 1920թ.


The Greatest Wound in the Armenian Life

Attached is my translation of excerpts from the report of the Bureau-Government Prime Minister Ohanjanyan on Karabakh and Zangezur, made at a meeting of ARFers of Karabakh, Zangezur in July 1920, and my contextual interpretation of the message. The excerpt of Ohanjanian's speech was posted by Tatul Hakobyan in his ANI Armenian Research Center website. 

Hamo Ohanjanian,
his tombstone reads: "He lived as he preached"


First and foremost Ohanjanyan’s report in 1920, posted below, should be read in the context of the times when West was the Western Europe, the global powers of the day. But Europe was recovering from its devastating war that led to the Paris Peace Conference in Versailles, France (1919-1920). The so-called peace conference would levy inordinately heavy burdens and restrictions on Germany, which the rest of Europe defeated and it would lead to the Wilsonian Armenia, which the Paris Peace Conference delegated it to the U.S., a nascent power, cut off from the rest of the world by the two great oceans and under the ideals of president Woodrow Wilson. The only global power Armenia had dealt with was Russia, which also was a regional power that also happened to be Christian in that part of the world Christian Armenia is located, dominated by nations that are Muslims - the “stan”s. Therein was/is the engrained  natural notion that Russia was Armenia’s natural ally and protector.

However, this is what Kristapor Mikaelian, the ARF ideologue wrote about Tsarist Russia, in his treatise called “Mob Mentality”.

 «Moving forward, always faithful to its spirit of destruction, Russia, as in the past, as well as today, is a representation of a large-scale arena of general persecution, general destruction and violence. There was not a nation left in Russia that was not oppressed, there was not a people left that was not suffocated, there was no word, opinion, right, law - even proclaimed from the imperial throne - that was not violated. It is a terrible stage of rulers and slaves, predators and tyrants, spies and spiers, poisoned by the choices of mutual grudge and hatred. Russia competes with Turkey in all spheres of state life, equally successful in the negative, as well as in the positive. And the unfortunate Armenian is destined to live, to claim the right to see  the light of day, on the borders of those two brutal tyrants, "between the devil and the deep sea", as the English say.”(Բնագիրըկցուած է ներքեւը – 1 -)

This perception of Russia as Armenia's natural Christian ally and proctector, lingered on after Lenin and the Bolshevik revolutionaries brought down the Tsarist Russia and brought about the Soviet Union led by Russia.  Hardly two years and a few months had passed since the creation of Armenian Republic, after over five centuries remaining stateless, Armenians brought Armenia into the Russian fold, as part of the Soviet Union.

This perception lingered in the Diaspora as well and pitted one segment of the Armenians in the Diaspora against another. My materal uncle  Antranig Chalabian, was a Russian orientation advocate and this is what he wrote in 1988:

 «As long as Turks are Turks and they are living in Turkey, Armenians inhabiting the southern boarders of the Soviet Union have no choice but to seek Russian protection, irrespective of the kind of government which rules that country. This is a political affinity and has nothing to do with ideologies.”  

In claiming that the greatest wound in Armenian life is being a Russophile, I do not think that the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia Hamo Ohanjanian, in July 1920, was advocating an anti-Russian stand, but he was advocating Armenia be a master of its own destiny and which could possibly be by not being dependent on Russia for its long  survival as a Republic. 

I believe that is where Armenia is at the present in a world that has no resemblance of what it was, not only a century ago, but a few decades. A mulita-polar political world has come about. To forge a future for its long survival Armenia is advocating a policy giving what its due to the bald eagle of the west, and to the bear to its north. It remains to be seen if Armenia will be able to chart such a course.

Consequently, Hamo Ohanjanian’s message should be read within th context of his affirmation that “the only guarantee of lasting security and happiness, is the complete independence of the homeland.”

Below is my translation of the excerpts from PM Hamo Ohanjanian’s speech on that day in 1920. The original is also attached.

Today we must consider beyond doubt the agreement concluded between Soviet Russia and the leader of the Turkish nationalists, Mustafa Kemal, which was published in the press months ago. We must consider it beyond doubt, because all the events that have taken place during the last two months and are taking place today both in our country and on the borders are nothing more than necessary attempts to implement the aforementioned agreement.

The Armenian people, due to their geographical and ethnographic conditions, have always had an unhealthy mentality deep in their souls, from which they have difficulty getting rid of. It is that blind Russophile, which at the same time has become the most painful wound in our social and state life.

Surrounded by unfriendly and hostile Muslim elements, the Armenian people had a blind faith that it was the Russians who should free them from this suffocating atmosphere, proof of what I said can be the recent events in Karabakh [in April 1920, when Azerbaijan was Sovietized, the Bolshevik 11th Army also entered Artsakh without encountering any resistance -:

The Armenians of Karabakh, who bravely resisted the enemy's attacks for two or three years, stopping the invasion of the Turkish-Azerbaijani hordes, have not yet stood up to the violence of the Russian-Tatar bandits today, despite the fact that the enemies have entered their home under the guise of communism.

Our friends, who were in Karabakh, having lost contact with the center ten days ago, retreated to Zangezur and then, under the pressure of the attacking troops and the Russian-Tatar horde, also left part of Zangezur.

What should you, all of us, do to restore the situation in Karabakh and Zangezur and generally remove the Tatar-Bolshevik threat from Armenia?

Of course, after the exchange of ideas, you can outline the course of your activities in detail, but I consider it my duty once again reminding that the greatest wound in Armenian life is the Russophile, which must be eradicated by all means, since Russophile is currently our greatest enemy.

Changing the psychology of Armenian citizens, making them recognize their true enemies and freeing them from their naive beliefs will mean ensuring the existence and inviolability of Armenia to a large extent that "

Enter the people, explain to them the true picture of events, and let them see that Russia has become a fraternal brotherhood with Turkey, the archenemy of Armenia, let them be convinced that the attacks on our borders are aimed at opening a path to Turkey for the world-ruling and tyrannical Russia.

Let them understand that Russia, devastated, terrorized, exposed to hunger and frost, has never thought about the salvation of the Armenian people and, finally, let them realize that it is they who pave the way for their salvation, and the only guarantee of lasting security and happiness is the complete independence of the homeland.” (Բնագիրըկցուած է ներքեւը – 2 -)

Haratch, number 155, July 24, 1920

***

Բնագիր 1:

«Եւ առաջ ընթանալով միշտ հաւատարիմ աւերման իր ոգուն՝ Ռուսաստանը, ինչպէս անցեալում, նոյնպէս եւ այսօր՝ներկայացում է ընդհանուր հալածանքի, ընդհանուր աւերածի ու բռնութիւնների մի լայնածաւալ ասպարէզ։ Ազգութիւն չմնաց Ռուսաստանում որ չճնշուէր, ժողովուրդ չմնաց որ որ չխեղդուէր, խօսք, կարծիք, իրաւունք, օրէնք չմնաց , - նոյնիսկ կայսերական գահերից հռչակուած – որ չտրորւոէր։ Իշխողների եւ ստրուկների, գիշատիչների եւ զռհերի, լրտեսների, եւ լրտեսողների մի ահաւոր բեմ է դա՝ փոխադարձ ոխի եւ ատելութեան կըրքերով թունաւորուած։ Ռուսաստանը մրցում է Տաճկաստանի հետ պետական կեանքի բոլոր ասպարէզներում՝նոյնչափ յաջող բացասականում, որչափ եւ դրականում։ Եւ վատաբախտ հային վիճակուած է ապրել, օր-արեւ տեսնելու իրաւունք հայցել այդ երկու մաբահեր բռնակալութիւնների սահմաններուն՝ «սատանայի եւ խոր ծովի միջեւ», ինչպէս ասում են անգլիացիք։»

Բնագիր 2:

Այսօր մենք կասկածից դուրս պիտի համարենք այն համաձայնությունը, որ կնքված է Խորհրդային Ռուսաստանի և թուրք ազգայնականների պարագլուխ Մուստաֆա Քեմալի միջև, որ ամիսներ առաջ հրատարակվեց մամուլում: Կասկածից դուրս պիտի համարենք, որովհետև բոլոր այն դեպքերը, որոնք տեղի են ունեցել վերջին երկու ամիսների ընթացքում ու տեղի են ունենում նաև այսօր թե մեր երկրում և թե սահմանների վրա, ոչ այլ ինչ են, եթե ոչ հիշյալ համաձայնագիրը իրացնելու անհրաժեշտ փորձեր:

Հայ ժողովուրդը իր աշխարհագրական ու ազգագրական պայմանների շնորհիվ, միշտ իր հոգու խորքում ունեցել է մի հիվանդոտ մտայնություն, որից նա դժվարությամբ է կարողանում ազատվել:  Դա այն կույր ռուսասիրությունն է, որ միևնույն ժամանակ դարձել է մեր հասարակական-պետական կյանքի ամենացավոտ վերքը:

Շրջապատված լինելով մահմեդական անբարյացկամ ու թշնամի տարրերով, հայ ժողովուրդը մի կույր հավատ է ունեցել, թե այդ հեղձուցիչ մթնոլորտից ռուսն է, որ պետք է ազատի իրեն, ասածիս ապացույց կարող է լինել Ղարաբաղի վերջին դեպքերը [1920-ի ապրիլին, երբ Ադրբեջանը խորհրդայանցվեց, բոլշևիկյան 11-րդ բանակը մտավ նաև Արցախ՝ չհանդիպելով որևէ դիմադրության- ԱՆԻ]:

Ղարաբաղի հայությունը, որ երկու-երեք տարի քաջաբար դիմադրեց թշնամու հարձակումներին՝ արգելակելով թուրք-ադրբեջանական հորդաների ներխուժումը, այսօր դեռ չի ծառացել ռուս-թաթարական հրոսակախմբերի բռնության դեմ, չնայած որ կոմունիզմի դիմակի տակ իր տունն են մտել թշնամիները:

Մեր ընկերները, որոնք գտնվում էին Ղարաբաղում, տասն օր առաջ կապ չունենալով կենտրոնի հետ, քաշվել են դեպի Զանգեզուր և ապա հարձակվող զորքերի և ռուս-թաթարական խուժանի ճնշման տակ հեռացել են նաև Զանգեզուրի մեկ մասից:

Ի՞նչ պետք է անեք դուք, մենք ամենքս, դրությունը Ղարաբաղում և Զանգեզուրում վերականգնելու և առհասարակ թաթար-բոլշևիկյան վտանգը Հայաստանից հեռացնելու համար:

Իհարկե, մտքերի փոխանակությունից հետո դուք կարող եք մանրամասն գծել ձեր գործունեության ուղին, բայց ես պարտք եմ համարում կրկին անգամ հիշեցնել, որ հայ կյանքի ամենախոշոր վերքը ռուսասիրությունն է, որ պետք է բոլոր միջոցներով արմատախիլ անել, քանի որ ռուսասիրությունը ներկայումս մեր թշնամիներից խոշորագույնն է:

Փոխել հայ քաղաքացիների հոգեբանությունը, ճանաչեցնել տալ նրան իր իսկական թշնամիներին և ազատել նրան իր միամիտ հավատից, կնշանակի մեծ չափերով ապահովել Հայաստանի գոյությունն ու անձեռնմխելիությունը:

Մտեք ժողովրդի մեջ, պարզեցեք նրան դեպքերի իսկական պատկերը, և թող նա տեսնի, որ Ռուսաստանը եղբայրացել է Հայաստանի ոխերիմ թշնամի Թուրքիայի հետ, թող նա համոզվի, որ մեր սահմանների վրա կատարվող հարձակումները աշխարհակալ և բռնակալ Ռուսաստանի առաջ դեպի Թուրքիա ճանապարհ բանալու նպատակ ունի:

Թող նա հասկանա, որ քայքայված, ահաբեկված, սովի ու ցրտահարության մատնված Ռուսաստանը երբեք չի մտածել հայ ժողովրդի փրկության մասին և, վերջապես, թող նա գիտակցի, որ իր փրկության ճանապարհը հարթողը ինքն է, իսկ հարատև ապահովության և երջանկության միակ երաշխիքը՝ ամբողջացած հայրենիքի անկախությունը:

Յառաջ, թիվ 155, 24 յուլիս, 1920թ.


Saturday, April 12, 2025

The Lebanese Civil War: It began on April 13, 1975 – 1 -

“The Armenians Who Did Not Participate in the Terrible War Survived and Endured in Unity "
Բնագիրը կցուած էAttached is my abridged translation of  abstracts from Asbed Manjikian’s article titled: Ահաւոր Պատերազմին “The Armenians Who Did Not Participate in the Terrible War Survived and Endured in Unity (A.)” (Չմասնակցած Հայութիւնը Միասնականութեամբ Գոյատեւեց Ու Տոկաց - Ա.). I have also interjected personal comments. The author – Asbed Manjikian - is a longtime associate of “Aztag” Daily and had the article posted on April 11, 2025.  Vaհe H Apelian 

The fifteen years long Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) claimed countless lives and caused the country great economic, social, demographic, and political losses and many ups and downs. The Armenian community of Lebanon also tasted the bitterness and losses due to the civil war that befell to its lot.

From the very first day of the war, the Armenian community, with a united stance, refused to be drawn into the chaos of the fratricidal fighting. It adopted a policy of adhering to the vision of a single, united, and complete Lebanon and resolved to settling the issues through dialogue. The Armenian community termed its policy “positive neutrality.”

The Armenian community of Lebanon set a wonderful example of unity, of a broad-minded policy, and of courage and self-reliance. A dedicated cadre of young Armenian men made the Armenian community centers -agoumps – their adopted homes and for practical purposes settled there for years, doing away with the comfort of their families.  Armed with weapons, they guarded the security of the Armenian-populated neighborhoods like guardian angels. Ignoring all danger, they reached out to anyone in need of their assistance, even under a hail of bombs and bullets.

***

The Lebanese Civil War began on Sunday, April 13, 1975, with the incident in a southern suburb of Beirut, when armed gunmen opened fire on a bus carrying Palestinian fighters. (I happened to be caught in its aftermath mayhem on my way home from Anjar where I had gone early in the morning to attend to our one room original house my parents had purchased).

After intermittent clashes and relative calm, fighting resumed in September, and within a few days, Beirut's down town central market, noticeably owned by Armenian merchants, tradesmen, professionals, was destroyed, looted, and years of sweat and hard work turned to ashes, (The inn my father ran, Hotel Lux, located a few blocks away from the parliament building in central down town Beirut, was completely looted, even the walls were pried open to remove the piping.).

In Bourj Hammoud, the young Armenian men – our boys - guarded the security of the Armenian neighborhood’s day and night, acting as a barrier to the infiltration of foreign armed elements, from nearby.

Not long after the sacking of the down town, the Battle of the Hotels raged, in the hotels district of downtown Beirut, in fierce battles with heavy exchanges of rocket and artillery fire from the various hotel rooftops and rooms, often with sniper fire causing loss the lives of innocent bystanders, enormous destruction and looting of the banks (safe deposit boxes were  opened and the contents were looted).

 Beirut took on the appearance of a ghost town with damaged buildings, burnt facades, shattered windows and destroyed cars. The exodus from Beirut to the countryside became widespread. The country gradually descended into anarchy. Beirut was divided in two. The majority of Christians moved to the east, as armed clashes intensified. West Beirut, was almost completely depopulated of its thriving Armenian inhabitants, and Armenian schools, community centers were abandoned.

The Armenian neighborhoods of Bourj Hammoud, thanks to the vigilant surveillance of Armenian guards, generally remained relatively safe. However, nearby neighborhood became a dangerous zone.

Armenian Genocide Monument in Bikfaya bombed

Armenian guards took over the bridge over the Beirut River and kept it under surveillance.  The bridge was the only safer way for Beirut to remain connected with Bourj Hammoud, and its immediate neighborhoods and beyond. 

* * *

 

The warring parties strived to create geographical zones of influence, and undertook communal “cleansing”. This military strategy of encircling neighborhoods to force the inhabitants out or outright kill them out, put the Armenian neighborhoods in a ring of fire. This precarious situation threatened to force the Armenians into fratricidal fighting, but the Armenians, with their collective will and united stance, were able to impose the Armenians’ conciliatory presence on the warring parties: making every effort to prevent either side from trying to involve the Armenians militarily in the raging civil war, although armed elements launched an attack on the Armenian neighborhood of Bourj Hammoud but encountered the Armenian youth resisting the attack. (in the ensuing clashes Sarkis Foujourian, a fellow member of the ARF Zavarian Student Associaiton was the first to be martyred.)

The plaque of Sarkis Foujourian's community center bearing
his name, along with the other martyrs of their neighborhood He is listed as the first ARF combatant
 from their neighborhood to be martyred during the Lebanese Civil War.

* * *

The war raged. At one-point heavily Armenian population Bourj Hammoud, Eshrefiyeh, Hayashen, Khalil Bataoui, and Hadjin neighborhoods were mercilessly bombed. The population hid in shelters and in the basements of buildings. The residents of buildings without shelter were transferred to other buildings and neighborhoods.

Armenian youth guarding the safety of their neighborhoods attended to the needs of the people within the limits of their ability and provided them with bread and necessary food and together with the Armenian Relief Society, hand in hand, took all possible measures for their safety, supply and medical care, whenever the need arose. But violence was committed against Armenians living outside the Armenian-populated neighborhoods. Dozens of Armenians were kidnapped and killed. The Martyrs’ Monument in Bikfaya was bombed and was seriously damaged.

Catholicos Khoren I and Karekin II visiting war torn damaged Armenian neighberhoods.

Once the bombing stopped Catholicos Khoren and Karekin II visited the Armenian populated neighborhoods as the people began reconstruction work.

But a large number of Armenians left the country for good.

                                        *** 

The link: Չմասնակցած Հայութիւնը Միասնականութեամբ Գոյատեւեց Ու Տոկաց - Ա..: https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/645789?fbclid=IwY2xjawJmEiFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHkgsavRiKrnI8CqUquJHFbkh3DJYDC5dY7b4292Eh4YtpU8Ssa_WolVpZxHI_aem_2LplwKF06earemlSgrqYgg



 



Friday, April 11, 2025

A generation that never experienced peace

 Բնագիրը կցուած է։ Attached is my Google aided transtion of Hampig Bilalian's article in «Aztag» Daily titled: 50 YEARS OF THE LEBANESE WAR: A BOOK OF MEMORIES: A GENERATION THAT LIVED THROUGH WAR BUT NEVER SAW PEACE (LEBANON 1975-2025).  April 13, 1975 is generally accepted to be the start of Lebanese Civil War. The article is dated April 11, 2925,  Vaհe H Apelian 

The last years of the Lebanese civil war (1985-1990) had a different explanation. The past ten years seemed to be an experiment for the warring parties. In other words, the destruction, the bloodshed were taking on a new form, the nature of the bombings was changing, the fratricide was deepening, often between the same community or denomination.

A divided people, a fragmented country, isolated environments, armed groups here and there, gangs, people who were killing each other, crimes, the remains of a ruined and divided capital and the accumulation of black clouds.

Our generation had already entered the age of youth, had reached final grades, wanted to finish secondary school and enter university.

The escalating war was burning our youth life. The generation of 16-18 years old, after being swept away in the turmoil of war, already had a certain self-confidence and experience, with which they wanted to bypass fear and anxiety and live their age.

Indeed, one is shocked when one mentally returns to those years. A look back at the life of our generation, admiration already becomes predominant; in the sense that the boys and girls of the war generation were able to cross this or that imposed border and thrown into the abyss of life, simply to assert and impose their own will and thoughts.

In fact, the boys and girls of this generation, encouraged by unnatural - from their situation, they would weave tales. They often made their own versions of the life they imagined, inside and outside of school and during social gatherings or outings.

Apparently, they had come to the conviction that, as "sons" and "daughters" of war, having been saved them from explosions and ruins, their Creator had somehow given them a miraculous second life, from which they should make the most of it and give it meaning into the journey of life.

On the other hand, however, the momentum of the war was intensifying, after a certain peace, the country was entering a new phase of war, and the dreams of our generation to enjoy life and think about plans for the future were  fading, because the days and years were so cruel, the death and ruins were so widespread that a person could hardly concentrate on himself and his family. on the security, livelihood, and immediate needs of their parents.

Nevertheless, as the boys and girls of this generation grew older, the more their hope for the future, their will to endure, and their disposition to cast aside all feelings and dispositions of surrender or heroism, grew stronger.

It must be admitted that, despite being a generation of war, they resisted, at the cost of experiencing death and destruction with their own eyes, and remained on the defensive, faithful to the call of their blood and upbringing, otherwise becoming masters of their parents, relatives, and immediate surroundings.

Our generation, which has reached the age of twenty, having passed the testing ground of baptism by fire, having broken through the abyss of harsh years, was able to preserve itself and not be carried away by the immoral, anti-national, or destructive habits of the day.

In fact, any war period, in addition to horror, also has the temptation to internally weaken and destroy a society. By the way, we were all familiar with the turmoil of youth, influenced by the use of drugs, unbridled sexuality, false and unusual attitudes, and the terrible current of false ideas that spread throughout the country.

Բնագիրը՝ https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/645791?fbclid=IwY2xjawJl8pFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHktOP1IOXEI6O3M5LwaroWkiWrjDR3wc4yp8PLuqMnQzmS8w27VX-uUCbCkJ_aem_1LMazFdrCiWG9xmj9rjvjw